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Japanese manners and the honest side: etiquette that helps, is Japan cold?, confusing Japanese and phrases by scene

The manners that make a trip smoother, the honest side of Japanese people that guidebooks rarely mention, Japanese words that are easy to misread, and phrases you can use as they are.

Photo: Asturio Cantabrio / CC BY-SA 4.0

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This translation was generated by AI and may contain wording that differs from the facts. Please check the Japanese original or official sources for anything important. Japanese original

Key points

  • 18 manners: queue, stay quiet on trains, don't eat while walking, carry your rubbish, shoes off, chopstick taboos, no tipping.
  • 13 honest truths: people hold back the truth out of politeness, many are not used to dealing with foreigners, honne and tatemae.
  • 35 confusing words (kekkō desu, daijōbu, 'mansion', 'service'…) and 50 phrases by scene.
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✅ Manners that make everything easier

🚶

Queue for everything: train platforms, restaurants, elevators, buses. Cutting in is the single most disliked act.

列に並ぶ。駅のホームも、レストランも、エレベーターも、バスも。割り込みは最も嫌われる行為

🚇

Be quiet on trains: no phone calls, no leaking headphones, backpack worn on your front. Phones on silent near priority seats.

電車では静かに。通話しない、音漏れさせない、リュックは前に抱える。優先席付近はスマホをマナーモードに

🛗

Stand on one side of escalators (left in Tokyo, right in Osaka). Officially you are not supposed to walk on them at all.

エスカレーターは片側に立つ(東京は左、大阪は右)。本来は歩かないのが公式ルール

🍡

Don't eat while walking. Eat in front of the shop you bought it from, then move on. Same for drinks.

歩きながら食べない。食べ歩きは買った店の前で食べてから移動。飲み物も立ち止まって

🗑️

There are almost no public bins. Carry your rubbish. Don't dump household waste in convenience-store bins.

ゴミ箱はほぼ無い。ゴミは持ち帰る。コンビニの箱に家庭ゴミを入れるのはNG

👟

Take shoes off at the entrance and line them up pointing outward. Applies at ryokan, temples, some restaurants and fitting rooms.

玄関で靴を脱ぎ、つま先を外に向けて揃える。旅館・寺・一部の飲食店・試着室も

🥢

Chopsticks: never stab food, never pass food chopstick-to-chopstick, never stand them upright in rice (funeral customs). Use serving chopsticks for shared dishes.

箸:食べ物に突き刺さない、箸から箸へ渡さない、ご飯に立てない(葬式の作法)。大皿は取り箸か箸の反対側で

🍜

Slurping noodles is fine, even normal. Say 'itadakimasu' before and 'gochisōsama' after eating. Order less rather than leave food.

麺はすすってOK(むしろ普通)。食事前に「いただきます」、後に「ごちそうさま」。残すより少なめに注文

🙇

A small 15-degree bow is enough. 'Sumimasen' works as sorry, excuse me and thank you — the most useful word you'll learn.

お辞儀は会釈(15度)で十分。「すみません」は謝罪・呼びかけ・お礼の三役をこなす最強のことば

⏰

Punctuality matters: arrive 5 minutes early; trains run to the second. If you'll be late, always message.

時間に厳しい。待ち合わせは5分前、電車は秒単位。遅れるなら必ず連絡

🤫

Loud voices, hugs and touching are rare in public. Shake hands only when offered.

公共の場で大声・ハグ・ボディタッチは少ない。握手も求められてから

📷

Ask before photographing people, maiko, private property or temple interiors. Gion's private lanes ban photos, with fines.

人物・舞妓・私有地・寺社の本堂内は撮影前に確認。祇園の私道は撮影禁止で罰金がある

💴

Put money on the tray by the till; it's not rude. No tipping.

会計はレジ横のトレイにお金を置く。手渡しでなくても失礼ではない。チップは不要

♨️

Onsen: rinse before entering, keep towels out of the water, tie up hair, don't swim or get loud in the bath.

温泉:かけ湯をしてから入る、タオルは湯に入れない、髪は束ねる、湯船で泳がない・騒がない

😷

Wear a mask if you have a cold. Blowing your nose loudly in public is frowned on; sniffing is oddly more acceptable.

風邪ならマスク。人前で鼻をかむのは控えめに(すするほうが許容される)

🏠

Keep quiet at night in rentals and hotels. Sort rubbish carefully (burnable, plastic, cans/bottles, PET). Most neighbour complaints are about these two.

民泊・ホテルで夜に騒がない。ゴミの分別は細かい(可燃・プラ・缶びん・ペット)。近所トラブルの大半がこの2つ

🚭

Smoking on the street is banned in many cities, with fines. Use designated smoking areas.

路上喫煙は多くの市で禁止・罰金。喫煙所か店内の喫煙席で

🎒

Tattoos can get you refused at onsen, pools and gyms. Use cover stickers, private baths, or the growing number of tattoo-friendly places.

タトゥーは温泉・プール・ジムで断られることがある。カバーシールか貸切風呂、タトゥーOKの施設(増えている)を選ぶ

🧊 Real talk: is Japan cold?

🧊

Yes, Japan can feel cold: nobody makes eye contact in a packed station, and people are slow to approach someone in trouble. It's a culture of not intruding, not indifference — ask directly and most people will go out of their way to help.

「冷たい」と感じる瞬間はある。混雑した駅では誰も目を合わせず、困っている人に声をかけるのも遅い。無関心ではなく「迷惑をかけない・干渉しない」文化で、頼めばほとんどの人が親切に助けてくれる

🎭

Honne and tatemae: 'I'll think about it', 'I'll come if I can' and 'that might be a little difficult' usually mean no. 'Daijōbu desu' often means 'no thanks'.

本音と建前。「検討します」「行けたら行く」「ちょっと難しいかも」は、たいてい No。「大丈夫です」は「結構です(いりません)」の意味のことも

🚫

Some places refuse foreigners — small izakaya, snack bars, a few onsen. Sometimes it's prejudice; often it's panic about not speaking English. Don't push; go elsewhere.

「外国人お断り」の店が一部にある(小さな居酒屋・スナック・一部の温泉)。差別的な場合もあるが、多くは「英語で対応できない不安」から。無理に入らず別の店へ

🗣️

Few people speak confident English, even in cities. Being ignored is usually shyness, not rudeness. Showing a translation app on your screen works fastest.

英語が話せる人は都市部でも少なめ。通じないのは冷たさではなく自信のなさ。翻訳アプリの画面を見せるのがいちばん速い

🏪

Staff are polite but scripted; small talk and chattiness are rare. A lack of smiles doesn't mean anger.

店員は丁寧だがマニュアル的で、雑談やフレンドリーさは少ない。笑顔が少なくても怒っているわけではない

🤝

Friendships take time. Drinking parties are where people open up, often from the second bar on. Once you're a friend, it lasts.

親しくなるまでに時間がかかる。飲み会は本音が出る場で、2軒目から距離が縮まる。一度友人になると関係は長い

👀

In the countryside you may be called 'gaijin' or stared at. It's mostly curiosity, not hostility. Kids will shout 'hello!'.

地方では「外人(ガイジン)」と呼ばれたり、ジロジロ見られたりする。悪意は薄く、珍しいだけのことが多い。子どもが「ハロー!」と言ってくる

🏦

If you move here: landlords, credit cards and banks sometimes turn foreigners down. Many use guarantor companies or foreigner-friendly services.

長く住むなら:賃貸・クレジットカード・銀行口座で外国人が断られることがある。保証会社や外国人向けサービスを使う人が多い

⚠️

The safety myth has exceptions: groping on packed trains, rip-off bars in Kabukicho and Minami, and street touts at night. Never follow a tout.

安全神話にも例外がある。満員電車の痴漢、歌舞伎町・ミナミのぼったくりバー、夜の客引きには注意。客引きには付いて行かない

🍢

The 'otōshi' at izakaya is a small dish you didn't order — it's a cover charge (¥300–500) and usually can't be refused. Some bars add a 'charge' too.

居酒屋の「お通し」は頼んでいない小皿で、席料(300〜500円)。断れないことが多い。「チャージ」のあるバーも

🤐

People avoid a direct 'no'. 'Kekkō desu' (I'm fine) or 'mata kondo' (another time) is enough. If someone keeps pushing, just keep walking.

断るときは直接「No」と言わない。「結構です」「また今度」で十分。しつこく勧誘されたら無視して歩き続けてOK

🌏

In disasters people stay remarkably calm, queue, and looting is almost unknown. Japanese helpfulness shows up quietly, when it really matters.

災害時は驚くほど落ち着いていて、列を守り、略奪はほぼ起きない。助け合いは「困ったときに静かに」発揮される

💬

'Your Japanese is great!' and 'You can use chopsticks!' are meant as welcome and surprise. Annoying, but not malicious.

「日本語上手ですね」「お箸使えるんですね」は、驚きと歓迎のつもり。カチンときても悪気はない

Confusing Japanese

日本語Sounds likeActually means解説・場面
大丈夫です
daijōbu desu
'It's OK / I'm fine'Often 'No, thank you'Cashier: 'Bag?' — 'Daijōbu desu' = no bag. Can mean yes or no; watch the context
はい
hai
'Yes''I'm listening' — not always agreementNodding 'hai, hai' means 'go on'. To 'You don't like it?' → 'hai' means 'right, I don't'
すみません
sumimasen
'Sorry'Excuse me / Thank you / Sorry — all threeUse it to call staff, squeeze past, or thank someone for a favour
結構です
kekkō desu
'That's great''No, thank you' (polite refusal)'Kekkō oishii' = quite tasty; 'kekkō desu' = I'm good, no thanks
ちょっと…
chotto...
'A little…''No' (softly)'Kyō wa chotto…' = I can't today. The sentence is never finished on purpose
検討します
kentō shimasu
'I'll consider it'Usually 'no'A polite business brush-off; 'maemuki ni' (positively) doesn't change much
行けたら行く
iketara iku
'I'll come if I can''I'm probably not coming'People who mean it just say 'iku'
微妙
bimyō
'Subtle / delicate''Meh… not really''How was the film?' — 'bimyō' = disappointing
やばい
yabai
'Dangerous'Both 'terrible' and 'amazing'Slang: 'kono sushi yabai' = this sushi is incredible
全然
zenzen
'Not at all''Totally (fine)' in casual speech'Zenzen daijōbu' = totally fine, despite grammar books
適当
tekitō
'Appropriate'Also 'sloppy / half-hearted' — the opposite'Tekitō ni' can mean 'use your judgement' or 'don't bother too much'
面白い
omoshiroi
'Funny''Interesting' OR 'funny'A lecture can be 'omoshiroi' without a single joke
かわいそう
kawaisō
Sounds like 'kawaii' (cute)'Poor thing / pitiful'Don't tell someone their baby is 'kawaisō'
別に
betsuni
'Nothing in particular'Can sound sulky: 'whatever'Alone it sounds moody; add 'daijōbu' to soften
一応
ichiō
'Once''Sort of / for now / technically''Ichiō motte kita' = I brought it just in case
どうも
dōmo
'Very'Hello / thanks / sorry — all-purposeWorks as a casual hello and a thank-you
頑張って
ganbatte
'Do your best'Encouragement — reply 'ganbarimasu'Standard cheer; can feel like pressure to someone exhausted
お疲れ様です
otsukaresama desu
'You look tired''Hi / bye / good work' at workWorkplace greeting any time of day
つまらないものですが
tsumaranai mono desu ga
'This is a boring thing, but…''Please accept this small gift'Humble gift phrase; the gift is usually nice
おかげさまで
okagesama de
'Thanks to you''I'm well, thanks' (even if you did nothing)Standard reply to 'how are you?'
なるほど
naruhodo
'I see'Fine with friends; sounds judgemental to a bossUse 'sō nan desu ne' with superiors
そうですね
sō desu ne
'That's right'Often just 'hmm, let me think'A thinking filler, not necessarily agreement
遠慮します
enryo shimasu
'I'll hold back''No, thank you' (polite)'Enryo naku dōzo' = please, don't hold back
マンション
manshon
'Mansion'An ordinary apartment buildingWasei-eigo: a concrete apartment block, not a villa
バイキング
baikingu
'Viking'All-you-can-eat buffetFrom a 1958 Imperial Hotel restaurant name
サイン
sain
'Sign'Signature (or autograph)'Sain o kudasai' = please sign here
サービス
sābisu
'Service'Free of charge / on the house'Kore wa sābisu desu' = this one's free
テンション
tenshon
'Tension'Mood / energy level'Tenshon takai' = hyped, excited
ナイーブ
naību
'Naive'Sensitive / delicate (a compliment-ish)Not 'gullible' — 'sensitive'
スマート
sumāto
'Smart (clever)'Slim / stylish'Sumāto na hito' = slim and sharp-looking
クレーム
kurēmu
'Claim'Complaint'Kurēmu' = a complaint, not an insurance claim
ホッチキス・コンセント・ノートパソコン
hotchikisu / konsento / nōto pasokon
Hotchkiss / consent / notebookStapler / power outlet / laptopSay these, not 'stapler', 'outlet' or 'laptop'
アルバイト
arubaito
(from German 'Arbeit')Part-time jobShortened to 'baito'
ジュース
jūsu
'Juice'Any soft drink, even cola'Jūsu' covers cola and sports drinks too
フリーサイズ
furī saizu
'Free size'One size fits allMeans one size, not 'any size'

Useful Japanese by scene

🙋 Greetings & all-purpose words

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
すみませんsumimasenExcuse me / Sorry / Thank youCall staff, squeeze past someone, or say thanks
ありがとうございますarigatō gozaimasuThank you (polite)More polite than 'arigatō'; use in shops
おねがいしますonegai shimasuPlease / I'd like thatFinish an order or a request with it
だいじょうぶですdaijōbu desuI'm fine / No thanks / It's OK'Need a bag?' → this means 'no thanks'
しつれいしますshitsurei shimasuExcuse me (entering/leaving)Entering a room, ending a call
おつかれさまですotsukaresama desuGood work / Hi (to colleagues)Workplace greeting, morning or evening
よろしくおねがいしますyoroshiku onegai shimasuNice to meet you / Please treat me wellFirst meetings, start of any dealings

🚉 Station & trains

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
〜ゆきは どのホームですか... yuki wa dono hōmu desu kaWhich platform for the train to ...?Ask station staff
この電車は〜に とまりますかkono densha wa ... ni tomarimasu kaDoes this train stop at ...?Rapid and express trains skip stations
おります!orimasu!Getting off!Say it to get through a packed car
きっぷを なくしましたkippu o nakushimashitaI lost my ticketAt the gate window; you can settle up
Suica を チャージしたいですSuica o chāji shitai desuI want to top up my SuicaAt machines or with staff
しゅうでんは なんじですかshūden wa nanji desu kaWhat time is the last train?Most lines stop around midnight

🍽️ Restaurant

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
ふたりですfutari desuTable for twoHold up fingers and say it at the door
えいごのメニューは ありますかeigo no menyū wa arimasu kaDo you have an English menu?Many menus have photos anyway
おすすめは なんですかosusume wa nan desu kaWhat do you recommend?Staff love this question
これを くださいkore o kudasaiThis one, pleasePoint at the menu
〜アレルギーが あります... arerugī ga arimasuI'm allergic to ...shrimp ebi, crab kani, nuts nattsu, egg tamago, wheat komugi
ベジタリアンです。にくと さかなは たべられませんbejitarian desu. niku to sakana wa taberaremasenI'm vegetarian — no meat or fishDashi (fish stock) is in most things — be explicit
おかいけい おねがいしますokaikei onegai shimasuThe bill, pleaseCrossing your index fingers also works
ごちそうさまでしたgochisōsama deshitaThank you for the mealSay it as you leave; it's appreciated

🏪 Convenience store & shopping

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
あたためてくださいatatamete kudasaiPlease heat it upAnswer to 'Shall I heat this?'
ふくろは いりませんfukuro wa irimasenNo bag, pleaseBags cost ¥3–5
カードは つかえますかkādo wa tsukaemasu kaCan I pay by card?Small shops may be cash only
めんぜいに できますかmenzei ni dekimasu kaCan I get this tax-free?Show passport; ¥5,000+ per store
しちゃくしても いいですかshichaku shite mo ii desu kaCan I try this on?Shoes off in fitting rooms; use the face cover
これは なんですかkore wa nan desu kaWhat is this?For mystery items on the shelf

🏨 Hotel & ryokan

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
チェックイン おねがいしますchekku-in onegai shimasuCheck in, pleaseYou'll be asked for your passport
にもつを あずかってもらえますかnimotsu o azukatte moraemasu kaCould you keep my luggage?Usually free before/after check-in
Wi-Fi の パスワードは なんですかwaifai no pasuwādo wa nan desu kaWhat's the Wi-Fi password?Ask at the front desk or in your room
ゆうしょくは なんじですかyūshoku wa nanji desu kaWhat time is dinner?Ryokan dinners have set times, often around 6 pm
おふろは なんじまでですかofuro wa nanji made desu kaUntil what time is the bath open?Big baths have night and morning hours
ふとんは いつ しきますかfuton wa itsu shikimasu kaWhen will the futon be laid out?Often laid out while you're at dinner

🗺️ Asking for directions

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
すみません、〜は どこですかsumimasen, ... wa doko desu kaExcuse me, where is ...?Show the map on your phone as you ask
ここから あるいて いけますかkoko kara aruite ikemasu kaCan I walk there from here?Ask when you're unsure whether to take a train or bus
トイレは どこですかtoire wa doko desu kaWhere is the toilet?Free toilets at stations, konbini, department stores
まよいましたmayoimashitaI'm lostPolice boxes (kōban) are the best helpers
ちかくに コンビニは ありますかchikaku ni konbini wa arimasu kaIs there a convenience store nearby?Handy when you need a toilet, an ATM or a quick snack

🍻 Izakaya & bars

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
とりあえず なまでtoriaezu nama deA draft beer to startThe classic first-round phrase
おまかせでomakase deChef's choice, pleaseLeave it to the chef at sushi bars and izakaya
かんぱい!kanpai!Cheers!Wait until everyone has a drink
おとおしは なんですかotōshi wa nan desu kaWhat's the cover-charge dish?A small plate comes as a seat charge; rarely refusable
もういっぱい おねがいしますmō ippai onegai shimasuOne more, pleaseRaise your glass slightly
べつべつで おねがいしますbetsubetsu de onegai shimasuSeparate bills, pleaseSplitting is normal

♨️ Onsen & public baths

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
タトゥーが ありますが だいじょうぶですかtatū ga arimasu ga daijōbu desu kaI have a tattoo — is that OK?Ask before entering; a cover sticker may be fine
かしきりぶろは ありますかkashikiri-buro wa arimasu kaIs there a private bath?Also called family bath
タオルは かりられますかtaoru wa kariraremasu kaCan I rent a towel?Bring your own at sentō; onsen usually provide
ここに すわっても いいですかkoko ni suwatte mo ii desu kaMay I sit here?For sharing washing stations

🆘 Trouble & emergencies

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
たすけてくださいtasukete kudasaiPlease help meShout it in any emergency to get attention
ぐあいが わるいですguai ga warui desuI feel sickAt a pharmacy, say 'kusuri' (medicine)
きゅうきゅうしゃを よんでくださいkyūkyūsha o yonde kudasaiPlease call an ambulanceDial 119; ambulances are free
けいさつを よんでくださいkeisatsu o yonde kudasaiPlease call the policeDial 110
さいふを おとしましたsaifu o otoshimashitaI dropped my walletGo to a kōban; it very likely comes back
えいごを はなせるひとは いますかeigo o hanaseru hito wa imasu kaIs there anyone who speaks English?Japan Visitor Hotline 050-3816-2787, 24 h
じしんです。どこに にげれば いいですかjishin desu. doko ni nigereba ii desu kaEarthquake. Where should I go?Near the sea, go uphill. Follow hotel staff

💬 Small talk

日本語RomajiMeaningWhen to use
どこから きましたかdoko kara kimashita kaWhere are you from?Answer: '... kara kimashita'
にほんは はじめてですnihon wa hajimete desuIt's my first time in JapanA great conversation opener
これは おいしいですkore wa oishii desuThis is deliciousThe thing cooks most love to hear
しゃしんを とっても いいですかshashin o totte mo ii desu kaMay I take a photo?Always ask for people, shop interiors, maiko
また きますmata kimasuI'll come againWhen leaving a place you liked
ちょっと…chotto...Umm... (soft no)The polite way to decline without saying no

20 basic words

日本語RomajiMeaning
ありがとうarigatōThank you
すみませんsumimasenExcuse me / Sorry (also to call staff)
おねがいしますonegai shimasuPlease
いただきますitadakimasuSaid before eating
ごちそうさまgochisōsamaSaid after eating (thank you for the meal)
おいしいoishiiDelicious
いくらですかikura desu kaHow much is it?
トイレはどこですかtoire wa doko desu kaWhere is the toilet?
えきekiStation
でぐち / いりぐちdeguchi / iriguchiExit / Entrance
おんせんonsenHot spring
りょかんryokanTraditional inn
いざかやizakayaJapanese pub
かんぱいkanpaiCheers!
おかいけいokaikeiThe bill, please
しんかんせんshinkansenBullet train
じんじゃ / てらjinja / teraShrine / Temple
かわいいkawaiiCute
だいじょうぶdaijōbuIt's OK / I'm fine
たすけてtasuketeHelp!
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Frequently asked questions

Is tipping expected in Japan?

No. There is no tipping culture in restaurants, taxis or hotels, and change is always returned in full. A 'gochisōsama' or 'arigatō gozaimasu' is all the thanks that is expected.

Do I need cash in Japan, or can I pay by card?

In cities, credit cards and IC cards (Suica, PASMO) work almost everywhere. Small shops in the countryside, temple admissions and festival stalls are often cash-only, so carry ¥10,000–20,000. Convenience-store ATMs accept foreign cards.

Can I use an onsen if I have tattoos?

It depends on the facility. Many onsen still ban tattoos, but more allow them with a cover sticker or do not mind at all. The safe choice is a ryokan with a private bath (kashikiri).

What are the emergency numbers in Japan?

Police 110, ambulance and fire 119, with English available. The Japan Visitor Hotline on 050-3816-2787 is 24 hours and multilingual for emergencies, illness and disasters.

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